4 Systems & infrastructure

85 entries

• 0055 Docker basics: images, containers and the commands you need An image is a read-only package of an app and its dependencies, and a container is a running instance of it. Learn… Beginner · Concept · Linux, macOS, Windows Article Docker basics 15 Oct 2026
• 0056 Docker Compose: run a small web app with a database Docker Compose describes several containers, their ports, volumes and environment in one compose.yaml file, then starts them all with docker compose up. Intermediate · How-to · Linux, macOS, Windows Article Docker basics · Docker Compose 15 Oct 2026
• 0098 What Proxmox VE is: KVM virtual machines, LXC containers and a web UI Proxmox VE is an open source virtualization platform based on Debian. It runs KVM virtual machines and LXC containers and is managed… Beginner · Concept · Linux Article Basics · Installation & first steps 15 Oct 2026
• 0099 Proxmox VE repositories and updates: enterprise vs no-subscription A fresh Proxmox VE install uses the enterprise repository, which needs a subscription. Learn how to switch to the no-subscription repository and… Beginner · How-to · Linux Article Installation & first steps · Packages & updates 15 Oct 2026
• 0100 Create a VM and a cloud-init template with qm Create KVM virtual machines from the command line with qm, then build a reusable cloud-init template from a cloud image and clone… Intermediate · How-to · Linux Article Basics · VMs & containers 15 Oct 2026
• 0101 Create LXC containers with pct and pveam Download a container template with pveam, create an unprivileged LXC container with pct, give it a network address and get a shell… Beginner · How-to · Linux Article VMs & containers 15 Oct 2026
• 0102 Proxmox VE storage types: local, LVM-thin, ZFS, NFS and Ceph Proxmox VE stores disks, ISOs, templates and backups in storage pools defined in /etc/pve/storage.cfg. Learn the main storage types, what local and… Intermediate · Concept · Linux Article Disks, LVM & filesystems · Storage 15 Oct 2026
• 0103 Proxmox VE networking: Linux bridges (vmbr0) and VLANs Guests reach the network through Linux bridges such as vmbr0, defined in /etc/network/interfaces. Learn the default setup, VLAN-aware bridges, VLAN tags for… Intermediate · How-to · Linux Article Installation & first steps · Networking & firewalls 15 Oct 2026
• 0104 Build a Proxmox VE cluster with pvecm and live-migrate VMs Join Proxmox VE nodes into a cluster with pvecm create and pvecm add, check quorum with pvecm status, then move running VMs… Advanced · How-to · Linux Article Clusters & high availability · VMs & containers 15 Oct 2026
• 0105 High availability in Proxmox VE: HA resources, fencing and affinity rules Proxmox VE HA restarts VMs and containers on another node when a node fails. Learn the requirements, how watchdog fencing protects your… Advanced · Concept · Linux Article Clusters & high availability 15 Oct 2026
• 0106 Back up and restore guests with vzdump, backup jobs and Proxmox Backup Server Back up Proxmox VE VMs and containers with vzdump, choose a backup mode, schedule backup jobs with retention, restore with qmrestore or… Intermediate · How-to · Linux Article Backup & restore 15 Oct 2026
• 0107 Proxmox VE command line cheat sheet: qm, pct, pvecm, pvesm and more The Proxmox VE commands you use most: qm for VMs, pct for containers, pvesm for storage, pvecm for the cluster, vzdump for… Intermediate · Reference · Linux Article Clusters & high availability · VMs & containers 15 Oct 2026
• 0110 Fix: TASK ERROR: VM is locked (backup) A VM or container still carries a backup lock, usually after a backup was interrupted. Check that no backup is running, then… Beginner · Fix · Linux Article Backup & restore · VMs & containers 15 Oct 2026
• 0111 Fix: can’t lock file ‘/var/lock/qemu-server/lock-VMID.conf’ – got timeout Another task is holding the VM's local lock file, so a new action timed out waiting for it. Find the running or… Intermediate · Fix · Linux Article VMs & containers 15 Oct 2026
• 0112 Fix: TASK ERROR: cluster not ready – no quorum? The node is not part of a quorate cluster, so /etc/pve is read-only and guests cannot be started or changed. Restore the… Advanced · Fix · Linux Article Clusters & high availability 15 Oct 2026
• 0115 What is Oracle Private Cloud Appliance (PCA)? Hardware, enclaves and release lines Oracle Private Cloud Appliance is a factory-built rack of compute, storage and network hardware with its own cloud software. Release 3.x offers… Beginner · Concept · Linux Article Architecture & concepts 15 Oct 2026
• 0116 PCA 3.x Compute Enclave concepts: tenancies, compartments, VCNs, instances, images and shapes The PCA 3.x Compute Enclave uses OCI building blocks: a tenancy holds compartments, which hold networks, instances and storage. Instances are built… Beginner · Concept · Linux Article Architecture & concepts · Compute, networking & storage 15 Oct 2026
• 0117 Configure the OCI CLI for Oracle Private Cloud Appliance 3.x Point the standard OCI CLI at a PCA 3.x Compute Enclave: create an API key, write ~/.oci/config with the appliance as the… Intermediate · How-to · Any system Article Compute, networking & storage 15 Oct 2026
• 0118 Create a compute instance on PCA 3.x with the Compute Web UI or OCI CLI Launch a VM in the Private Cloud Appliance 3.x Compute Enclave: gather an image, shape, subnet and SSH key, then create the… Intermediate · How-to · Any system Article Compute, networking & storage 15 Oct 2026
• 0119 PCA 3.x networking basics: create a VCN, subnets and security lists On Private Cloud Appliance 3.x, instances need a VCN and a subnet. Create them in the Compute Web UI or OCI CLI… Intermediate · How-to · Any system Article Compute, networking & storage 15 Oct 2026
• 0120 Block volumes on PCA 3.x: create, attach and mount a data disk Add storage to a Private Cloud Appliance 3.x instance: create a block volume, attach it as paravirtualized, then format and mount it… Intermediate · How-to · Any system Article Compute, networking & storage 15 Oct 2026
• 0121 PCA 3.x Service CLI basics: connecting and finding your way around The Service CLI administers the Private Cloud Appliance 3.x Service Enclave. Connect with SSH on port 30006 and use list, show, help,… Intermediate · Reference · Any system Article Administration & monitoring 15 Oct 2026
• 0122 PCA 3.x health monitoring and upgrade workflow overview How Private Cloud Appliance 3.x reports health (Grafana, Prometheus, Loki, platform health checks) and how appliance upgrades work: ISO images, an upgrade… Advanced · Concept · Linux Article Administration & monitoring 15 Oct 2026
• 0123 KVM vs QEMU vs libvirt: how Linux virtualization fits together KVM is the Linux kernel part that uses CPU virtualization extensions, QEMU is the program that emulates a full machine around it,… Beginner · Concept · Linux Article Basics 15 Oct 2026
• 0124 virsh cheat sheet: everyday libvirt commands A quick reference for virsh: list, start, stop and inspect VMs, change CPUs and memory, manage networks, storage pools and snapshots, with… Intermediate · Reference · Linux Article Basics 15 Oct 2026
• 0125 Create a KVM virtual machine with virt-install Use virt-install to create libvirt/KVM guests: install from an ISO, run a text-only install over the serial console, or import a cloud… Intermediate · How-to · Linux Article Basics 15 Oct 2026
• 0126 KVM snapshots and cloning with virsh and virt-clone Take, list, revert and delete libvirt snapshots with virsh, understand internal vs external and disk-only snapshots, and clone a stopped VM with… Advanced · How-to · Linux Article Basics 15 Oct 2026
• 0127 Fix: “Requested operation is not valid: network ‘default’ is not active” A libvirt VM will not start because the virtual network it uses, usually the NAT network 'default', is stopped. Start the network… Intermediate · Fix · Linux Article Basics 15 Oct 2026
• 0131 Kubernetes architecture: control plane, nodes, kubelet and etcd A Kubernetes cluster is a control plane that stores and decides the desired state, plus worker nodes that run your containers. This… Beginner · Concept · Linux Article Concepts 15 Oct 2026
• 0132 Pods, ReplicaSets and Deployments explained A Pod runs one or more containers together, a ReplicaSet keeps a fixed number of identical Pods alive, and a Deployment manages… Beginner · Concept · Linux Article Concepts · Workloads & services 15 Oct 2026
• 0133 Services and Ingress: exposing an app in Kubernetes A Service gives a changing set of Pods one stable address. ClusterIP is internal, NodePort and LoadBalancer reach outside, and an Ingress… Intermediate · Concept · Linux Article Ingress & networking 15 Oct 2026
• 0134 ConfigMaps and Secrets: configuration outside the image ConfigMaps hold plain settings and Secrets hold sensitive values, injected into Pods as environment variables or files. Secrets are only base64-encoded, not… Intermediate · Concept · Linux Article Config, secrets & storage 15 Oct 2026
• 0135 Deploy your first app on Kubernetes A step-by-step tutorial: write a Deployment and a Service in YAML, apply them, reach the app, add health probes, roll out a… Beginner · How-to · Linux Article Ingress & networking · Workloads & services 15 Oct 2026
• 0136 Persistent storage in Kubernetes: PersistentVolumes, claims and StorageClasses How to give a Pod storage that survives restarts: request it with a PersistentVolumeClaim, let a StorageClass provision it, and mount it.… Intermediate · How-to · Linux Article Config, secrets & storage · Workloads & services 15 Oct 2026
• 0137 Helm basics: install a chart, override values, upgrade and roll back Helm installs packaged Kubernetes apps called charts. Learn to add a repository, install a release, customize it with values files, upgrade it… Intermediate · How-to · Any system Article Helm 15 Oct 2026
• 0138 Kubernetes RBAC basics: least-privilege access for a service account RBAC controls who may do what in a cluster with Roles, ClusterRoles and bindings. This guide grants a CI service account deploy… Advanced · How-to · Linux Article Concepts · Config, secrets & storage 15 Oct 2026
• 0140 kubectl cheat sheet: the commands you use every day A compact reference of everyday kubectl commands: contexts and namespaces, listing and inspecting objects, logs and exec, applying changes, rollouts, scaling and… Beginner · Reference · Any system Article Concepts · Troubleshooting 15 Oct 2026
• 0142 Fix: ImagePullBackOff and ErrImagePull in Kubernetes The pod cannot start because the node failed to pull the container image. Read the "Failed to pull image" event to see… Intermediate · Fix · Linux Article Troubleshooting 15 Oct 2026
• 0143 Fix: CrashLoopBackOff in Kubernetes The container starts, exits, and Kubernetes waits longer before each restart. Read the previous container's logs and its exit code to find… Intermediate · Fix · Linux Article Troubleshooting 15 Oct 2026
• 0144 Fix: Pod stuck in Pending with “0/3 nodes are available: Insufficient cpu” The scheduler cannot find a node with enough unreserved CPU for the pod's request. Compare the request with node allocatable resources, then… Advanced · Fix · Linux Article Troubleshooting · Workloads & services 15 Oct 2026
• 0145 Fix: OOMKilled (exit code 137) in Kubernetes A container used more memory than its limit and the kernel killed it. Confirm the reason, measure real usage, then raise the… Advanced · Fix · Linux Article Troubleshooting · Workloads & services 15 Oct 2026
• 0149 OpenShift vs Kubernetes vs OKD: what OpenShift adds OpenShift is Red Hat's Kubernetes platform and OKD is its community distribution. Both add projects, routes, builds, image streams, Operators and stricter… Beginner · Concept · Linux Article Concepts · Concepts 15 Oct 2026
• 0150 Logging in with oc and working with OpenShift projects Install the oc client, log in with a password, browser or token, then create, switch and inspect projects. Covers where oc stores… Beginner · How-to · Any system Article Concepts · Deploying applications 15 Oct 2026
• 0151 Tutorial: deploy a small web app on OpenShift and expose it with a Route A step-by-step first deployment: create a project, build a static website from Git with Source-to-Image, publish it on an HTTPS Route, then… Beginner · How-to · Any system Article Deploying applications 15 Oct 2026
• 0152 Build and deploy from source with oc new-app and Source-to-Image How oc new-app turns a Git repository or an image into a running app, how Source-to-Image and Docker builds are chosen, and… Intermediate · How-to · Any system Article Deploying applications 15 Oct 2026
• 0153 Expose apps with OpenShift Routes: edge, passthrough and re-encrypt TLS A Route publishes a service on a host name through the OpenShift router. Learn when to use plain HTTP, edge, passthrough or… Intermediate · How-to · Any system Article Deploying applications · Ingress & networking 15 Oct 2026
• 0154 OpenShift app configuration: environment, ConfigMaps, Secrets and persistent storage Set environment variables, load ConfigMaps and Secrets into a Deployment as variables or files, and give it persistent storage with a PersistentVolumeClaim,… Intermediate · How-to · Any system Article Config, secrets & storage · Deploying applications 15 Oct 2026
• 0155 Security Context Constraints (SCC) and why root containers fail on OpenShift SCCs decide which user ID, capabilities and volumes a pod may use. Learn how restricted-v2 assigns random UIDs, how to see which… Advanced · Concept · Linux Article Cluster administration · Concepts 15 Oct 2026
• 0156 Operators, the software catalog (OperatorHub) and OLM on OpenShift Operators automate installing and running software on OpenShift. Learn the difference between cluster Operators and add-on Operators, and how OLM uses catalogs,… Intermediate · Concept · Linux Article Cluster administration · Concepts 15 Oct 2026
• 0157 oc cheat sheet: everyday OpenShift CLI commands The oc commands you use every day, grouped by task: login and projects, apps and builds, routes, config, debugging, permissions and admin… Intermediate · Reference · Any system Article Deploying applications · Troubleshooting 15 Oct 2026
• 0160 Fix: Permission denied in a container on OpenShift because of the random UID A container that works under Docker or Kubernetes crashes on OpenShift with permission denied, because restricted-v2 runs it with a random non-root… Advanced · Fix · Linux Article Troubleshooting 15 Oct 2026
• 0161 Fix: Error from server (Forbidden): … is forbidden: User … cannot … in OpenShift oc refuses a command with Error from server (Forbidden). The message names the user, verb, resource and project. Learn how to read… Intermediate · Fix · Any system Article Cluster administration · Troubleshooting 15 Oct 2026
• 0164 systemd services: systemctl and journalctl basics systemd starts and supervises services on most Linux servers. systemctl starts, stops and enables them; journalctl shows their logs. Beginner · Concept · Linux Article Services & systemd 15 Oct 2026
• 0165 Write a systemd service unit for your own app Turn any long-running program into a proper service: create a unit file, run it as an unprivileged user, restart it on failure… Intermediate · How-to · Linux Article Services & systemd 15 Oct 2026
• 0166 Replace a cron job with a systemd timer A systemd timer runs a service on a schedule like cron, but logs every run to the journal, can catch up missed… Intermediate · How-to · Linux Article Services & systemd 15 Oct 2026
• 0167 Fix: Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code systemctl prints this when a service's start command exits with an error. The real reason is in journalctl; for nginx it is… Intermediate · Fix · Linux Article Networking & firewalls · Services & systemd 15 Oct 2026
• 0169 Add a new disk: partition, format and mount it by UUID Find a new disk with lsblk, partition it with parted, create an ext4 or XFS filesystem and mount it permanently through /etc/fstab… Intermediate · How-to · Linux Article Disks, LVM & filesystems 15 Oct 2026
• 0170 LVM explained: physical volumes, volume groups and logical volumes LVM puts a flexible layer between disks and filesystems, so you can grow volumes, add disks and take snapshots without repartitioning. Intermediate · Concept · Linux Article Disks, LVM & filesystems 15 Oct 2026
• 0172 Fix: No space left on device Writes fail because a filesystem is full, out of inodes, or holding space for deleted files that are still open. Find which… Beginner · Fix · Linux Article Disks, LVM & filesystems 15 Oct 2026
• 0173 Set a static IP address: nmcli on RHEL vs netplan on Ubuntu RHEL, Rocky and AlmaLinux configure networking with NetworkManager (nmcli); Ubuntu Server uses netplan YAML. Here is the same static IP setup in… Intermediate · How-to · Linux Article Networking & firewalls 15 Oct 2026