4 Systems & infrastructure
Every entry filed under Systems & infrastructure and its subtopics.
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- Beginner
- You are new to this topic.
- Intermediate
- You use it, and want to get better.
- Advanced
- You know it well and need the details.
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- Build something small from start to finish, step by step.
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- Plain words on how something works and why.
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- Fixes an error
- An error message, what it means, and how to solve it.
84 entries match these filters
- 0455 Which security tool does what? A map for beginners A beginner's map of open source security tool families: vulnerability scanners, secret detection, static analysis, host audits, web application testing, network inventory… Beginner · Explains an idea · Any system Article Security resources & detection · Server hardening 15 Oct 2026
- 0443 Security monitoring explained: IDS, SIEM, EDR and where the logs go A plain language map of the security monitoring tool families, what each one watches, how they feed one another, and where the… Beginner · Explains an idea · Any system Article Detection & threat hunting · Logs 15 Oct 2026
- 0431 What is a detection rule? Sigma explained for beginners A detection rule describes one kind of suspicious activity in logs. Sigma is the shared, tool-independent way to write such rules, so… Beginner · Explains an idea · Any system Article Alerting & dashboards · Security resources & detection 15 Oct 2026
- 0433 What is an awesome list? Awesome lists are hand-curated link collections on GitHub, one per subject, that follow a shared convention. How they work, how to tell… Beginner · Explains an idea · Any system Article Security resources & detection 15 Oct 2026
- 0400 winget: install and update software from the command line winget is the package manager built into Windows. Search for a program, install it by id, update everything with one command and… Beginner · Step by step · Windows Article Installing languages & tools · Windows administration 15 Oct 2026
- 0403 Work across Windows and WSL: files, paths and running tools from both sides WSL is most useful when Windows and Linux cooperate: open Linux folders in Explorer, run Windows programs from bash, convert paths with… Beginner · Step by step · Windows Article Basics · WSL 15 Oct 2026
- 0420 cron and systemd timers: run something every night Schedule a script with crontab or a systemd timer: the five cron fields, environment and PATH pitfalls, logging, catching up missed runs… Beginner · Step by step · Linux Article cron & timers · Services & systemd 15 Oct 2026
- 0394 Install kubectl on Linux, macOS and Windows Install the Kubernetes command-line client with curl, a package manager or winget, verify it, and point it at a cluster with a… Beginner · Step by step · Linux, macOS, Windows Article Concepts · Installing languages & tools 15 Oct 2026
- 0396 PowerShell basics: cmdlets, objects and the pipeline PowerShell commands are called cmdlets, they return objects instead of text, and the pipeline passes those objects between them. Once that clicks,… Beginner · Explains an idea · Linux, macOS, Windows Article PowerShell 15 Oct 2026
- 0397 PowerShell cheat sheet The PowerShell cmdlets and patterns you use every day: files, text, processes, services, filtering, exporting, remoting and the operators that trip up… Beginner · Cheat sheet · Linux, macOS, Windows Article PowerShell 15 Oct 2026
- 0398 Install WSL2 and Ubuntu on Windows One command installs the Windows Subsystem for Linux and Ubuntu. Then learn how to pick a distribution, check which WSL version you… Beginner · Step by step · Windows Article Windows administration · WSL 15 Oct 2026
- 0399 Fix: running scripts is disabled on this system (execution policy) PowerShell refuses to run .ps1 files until the execution policy allows it. The usual fix is RemoteSigned for your own user; here… Beginner · Fixes an error · Windows Article PowerShell · Windows administration 15 Oct 2026
- 0391 Install Docker on Linux, macOS and Windows Docker Desktop or Docker Engine? Pick the right one for your OS, install it, and confirm with docker run hello-world. Covers the… Beginner · Step by step · Linux, macOS, Windows Article Docker basics · Installing languages & tools 15 Oct 2026
- 0344 ufw and firewalld: open and close ports Allow and remove ports and services on the two standard Linux host firewalls, restrict a port to one source network, and make… Beginner · Step by step · Linux Article Firewalls · Networking & firewalls 15 Oct 2026
- 0345 SSH keys: create, copy and use them Generate an ed25519 key pair, install the public key on a server with ssh-copy-id, keep the private key protected with a passphrase… Beginner · Step by step · Linux, macOS, Windows Article Keys & config · SSH 15 Oct 2026
- 0352 Harden a fresh Linux server in 30 minutes The baseline for any new Debian, Ubuntu or RHEL-family server: updates on, a non-root user with sudo, SSH keys only, a firewall… Beginner · Step by step · Linux Article Server hardening · Users, sudo & hardening 15 Oct 2026
- 0355 TLS certificates explained What a certificate proves, who signs it, what the chain and expiry mean, and how to read any site's certificate from the… Beginner · Explains an idea · Any system Article TLS & certificates 15 Oct 2026
- 0356 Free HTTPS with Let’s Encrypt and certbot Install certbot, get a trusted certificate for your domain and let it configure nginx or Apache, or just obtain the files for… Beginner · Step by step · Linux Article TLS & certificates 15 Oct 2026
- 0357 Keep secrets out of git: .env files, gitignore and what to do after a leak Load passwords and API keys from an untracked .env file, commit a safe .env.example instead, catch mistakes before they are pushed, and… Beginner · Step by step · Any system Article Housekeeping · Secrets & access 15 Oct 2026
- 0362 The 3-2-1 backup rule, and why a backup you never restored is not a backup Three copies, two kinds of media, one off-site: what the rule really protects against, how it maps to real tools, and why… Beginner · Explains an idea · Any system Article Strategy & restore drills 15 Oct 2026
- 0371 Where are the logs? journalctl, /var/log and container logs A practical map of where Linux programs write their logs and the commands to read them: journalctl filters, the classic files under… Beginner · Step by step · Linux Article Logs 15 Oct 2026
- 0372 Grafana: your first dashboard from Prometheus data Connect Grafana to a Prometheus server, build a four-panel host dashboard with PromQL queries, set units and thresholds, add an instance variable,… Beginner · Step by step · Browser, Linux, macOS Article Prometheus & Grafana 15 Oct 2026
- 0333 Fix: permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket Every docker command fails with permission denied on /var/run/docker.sock. The daemon is fine; your user is not allowed to use its socket.… Beginner · Fixes an error · Linux Article Docker basics · Docker fixes 15 Oct 2026
- 0334 Fix: port is already allocated docker run or docker compose up fails with Bind for 0.0.0.0:8080 failed: port is already allocated. Find what holds the port, another… Beginner · Fixes an error · Linux, macOS, Windows Article Docker fixes · Processes & ports 15 Oct 2026
- 0340 Build and run a small Python web app in a container Write a tiny Flask app, give it a Dockerfile, build the image, run it with a published port, make a change and… Beginner · Guided project · Linux, macOS, Windows Article Basics · Docker basics · Images & registries 15 Oct 2026
- 0341 DNS, IP addresses and ports explained for beginners An IP address says which machine, a port says which program on it, and DNS turns names into addresses. The three ideas… Beginner · Explains an idea · Linux, macOS Article DNS, IP addresses & ports 15 Oct 2026
- 0342 Which process is using a port, and how to free it Find the program behind a busy port with ss, lsof or fuser, decide whether to stop it properly or kill it, and… Beginner · Step by step · Linux, macOS Article DNS, IP addresses & ports · Networking & firewalls 15 Oct 2026
- 0343 Fix: Connection refused and Connection timed out, what each one means Refused means the host answered and nothing is listening there. Timed out means no answer at all, usually a firewall or wrong… Beginner · Fixes an error · Linux, macOS Article DNS, IP addresses & ports · Firewalls 15 Oct 2026
- 0320 Fix: address already in use (EADDRINUSE) Something is already listening on the port your program wants. Find the process with lsof or ss, stop it or pick another… Beginner · Fixes an error · Linux, macOS Article Networking & firewalls · Node.js · Processes & ports 15 Oct 2026
- 0321 Fix: E: Unable to locate package / could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock Two apt errors with simple causes: Unable to locate package means the package lists are stale or the name is wrong; could… Beginner · Fixes an error · Linux Article Packages & updates 15 Oct 2026
- 0322 Fix: user is not in the sudoers file sudo refuses because your account is not allowed to use it. Add the user to the sudo group (Debian, Ubuntu) or wheel… Beginner · Fixes an error · Linux, macOS Article Server hardening · Users, sudo & hardening 15 Oct 2026
- 0323 Fix: Failed to start service, how to read systemctl status and journalctl Job for x.service failed tells you only that the service did not start. The real reason is in systemctl status and journalctl… Beginner · Fixes an error · Linux Article Logs · Services & systemd 15 Oct 2026
- 0327 Docker images, containers and volumes explained An image is a read-only template, a container is a running copy of it with a thin writable layer, and a volume… Beginner · Explains an idea · Linux, macOS, Windows Article Docker basics 15 Oct 2026
- 0328 Install Docker Engine on Ubuntu and Debian Set up Docker's official apt repository, install Docker Engine with the Compose and Buildx plugins, run hello-world and let your user run… Beginner · Step by step · Linux Article Docker basics · Packages & updates 15 Oct 2026
- 0329 Docker CLI cheat sheet The Docker commands you reach for every day, grouped by what they act on: containers, images, volumes, networks, logs and cleanup, with… Beginner · Cheat sheet · Linux, macOS, Windows Article Docker basics 15 Oct 2026
- 0306 What is hashing? Hashing turns any data into a fixed length fingerprint that cannot be reversed, used to check files and store passwords. Beginner · Explains an idea · Any system Article Secrets & access 15 Oct 2026
- 0307 What is encryption? Encryption scrambles data with a key so only someone with the right key can read it again. Beginner · Explains an idea · Any system Article TLS & certificates 15 Oct 2026
- 0308 What is a backup snapshot? A snapshot is a frozen picture of a disk or system at one moment that you can roll back to if something… Beginner · Explains an idea · Any system Article Strategy & restore drills 15 Oct 2026
- 0309 What is RAID? RAID combines several disks into one so data survives a disk failure or is read and written faster. Beginner · Explains an idea · Any system Article Disks, LVM & filesystems 15 Oct 2026
- 0310 What is a cluster? A cluster is a group of computers working together as one system so that if one fails the others keep the service… Beginner · Explains an idea · Any system Article Clusters & high availability 15 Oct 2026